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@tutti @hijita l M T. HITCHCOCIQOF SPRINGFIELD, MASSACHUSETTS.

Letters'Patent No. 95,346, dated September 28, 1869.

EDUCTION-VENTILATOR FOR RAILROAD-CARS.

The Schedule 'referred to in these Letters Patent and making 4part of the same.

To all whom it may concern Be it known that I, M. T. HI'rcHcccK, of Springfield, in the county of Hampden, .and Commonwealth of Massachusetts, have invented a new and improved Eduction-Ventilator for Railroad-Gars; audI do hereby declare that `the following is a full, clear, and exact description thereof, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, making a part of this specification, and to the letters of reference marked thereon, in which- Figure -1 is a perspective view of said ventilator.

Figure 2`is an elevation of the rear of said ventilator. 4

Figure 3 is a sectional view, the plane of sectio being indicated by the line a a: in Iig. 2.

Figure 4, I, II, shows an elevation and section of a portion of the side of a railroad-car, having a modification of my invention applied thereto, in the form of windows, which are shown as closed.

Figure 5, I and II, shows an elevation and section ofthe same, the said windows" being ,represented as opened.

My invent-ion is to be applied to the sides of railroad-cars, or to the side ot' the deck of double-roofed cars, such as are now coming into general use, for the purpose of removing or` causing the eduction of air from the car, the form of the several parts of said ventilator being designed with reference to three objects,

viz, first, to so shape and combine the several/parts which act upon the current of outside air formed by -the motion of the car, that a strong and steady draught of air will be created from the inside of the car, out

through the ventilator; second, to form a ventilator without valves or revolving parts, which4 can be rigidly fastened to the car, and will, without being reversed or shifted, perform its functions equally well, whether the car moves in one direction or the other; and third, to form an eduction-ventilator of small dimensions and ornamental appearance, so that several of the same can be applied to a car without projecting far from the surface to which they are applied, .or loeing a prominent and unsightly `appendage to the'car.

By numerous experiments, I have found that the above objects can be fully and satisfactorily attained by applying to each side of the opening through which air is to be drawn from a car, an angular bench' or projection, such projecting parts being parallel to each other, and, of course, placed at a right angle to the direction of the current, which will sweep over them. The angular parts are most. eflicient when enclosed in a shell or hood, in order to keep the current in contact with both the angular partitions, and to resist the tendency of the outside face of the forward partition, whichever it may be,.to throw the current outward and away from the second partition, the object being to induce a current of air from the car into the ventilator, and then to direct the current of outside air, which is forced through the shell, over the angular partitions, so that it shall mingle with the outgoing current from the car and bear it along with it out of the ventilator.

.It is well Iknown that a rapidly moving current of air, like the one passing lengthwise through the shell, will set in motion another current, which enters the first at a right angle, and will keep the second current in full action, with-a force proportioned toits own rate of motion; and the form of the angular'partitions is such as to direct the outer current into contact with, and into action upon the draught-current from the car in a veryeiicient manner, and without permitting sparks or cinders to enter the car through the draughtopen-ing. v

The angular proiections or partitionsare similar in form and similarly placed in the shell, Vso that the ventilator operates equally well whichever end is forward, thus dispensing entirely with'valves for adjusting the ventilators to the direction of the current, and with rotating hoods and vanes, which are frequently used to cause ventilators to revolve with the current.

The construction of my invention isas follows:

A cylindrical shell, A, of cast or sheet-metal, is supported in a rectangular base, B, upon the edge pf which are formed the anges b b, by which the apparatus is fastened in place upon the car.

In practice, after the flanges are nailedV down, a l

small cast-iron rim is applied to cover the ange, and this rim may be extended so as to cover the whole shell, as a screen of ornamental open work.

The shell may be. made rectangular in cross-section, but I prefer the cylindrical form as assisting the movement of the current more eiiiciently. If necessary to have'less projection of the ventilator beyond the sides of the car, the base may be sunk into the car, nearly to the point where the shell joins it, still leaving exposed theinside faces of the angular partitions, and a considerable portion of the outside faces for guiding the currents.

In the middle of the length of the shell is formed the draught-opening D, and the inside edges of the angular-partitions O C extend tothe sides of this opening, vwhile the outside edges extend nearly to the ends ofthe shell.

For the best effect, I prefer to place the two sides c d, cd', of the partitions, at "a different angle to the line of the base, c inc-lining from the perpendicular only about one-third of the inclination of al. These projections I raise to a little more than one half the height ofthe shell, the edges being rigidly secured to the latter.` I

Upon the inside ofthe car, over the openingsD, small The operation of the ventilator will be seen by observing the red arrows in the drawings, which indicate the direction of the air-currents passing into and out of the ventilator.

The current from the car, after passing through the draught-opening D, expands in the enlarged space between the inclined partitions, while the outside current,re ntering the shell over the angular partitions C, sweeps down into the space beyond, far enough torengage with the draught-current, and then striking against the side C' of the second partition, is thrown up again into the direct current passing under the arch of the shell, and with it moves outl of the ventilator.

Of course, when the car is at rest and' no air-current is passing through the shell, the ventilator is idle, except as an ordinary air-opening, but when the car is moved or the wind creates a current through the shell, numerous practical trials have shown that it i acts with great eiiiciency.

'Figs 4 and 5 represent the application of the beforementioned angular projections to car windows, so as to convert them into Ventilating-openings when desirable. Each Window hasfour sash, c d, c d; c and il being hinged together, and likewise c and d', while c and d' are each hinged to the sides `of the windowopening.

In iig. 4 the sash are shown as closed, and in line with one another, while in figure 5 the same parts are opened, so as to foam two angular projections, C C', as in the ventilator, upon which projections the outside air will impinge in such a manner as to produce a steady draught through the opening between' the sash, or, in other words, the ports form the above-described ventilator without the shell.

Suitable attachments may be provided to guide the hinged sash into the position shown in fig. 5, and hold them iu p1ace,vand a convenient window-opening is thus formed, through which no sparks or dust will4 ear, in such a manner as to produce a steady outward current through the floor.

I do not wish to claim broadly two inclined deecting surfaces, one on each side of the air-opening, as I am aware that this is not new.

Having described my invention,

That I claim as new therein, and desire to secure by Letters Iatent, is`

An eduction-ventilator for railroad-cars, composed of the shell A, draught-opening D, and angular portions O and C', and the base B, for attaching the ventilator to the car, the whole constructed, arranged, and applied substantially as set forth. v

In witness whereof, Irhave hereunto set my hand, this 31st day of August, A. D. 1868.

M. T. HITCHCOCK.

Witnesses:

J. P. BUCKLAND, j E. J. SOMMER. 

